Thomas Knudsen, executive chairman of Toll Group, said companies need to build robust supply chains rather than merely resilient ones because shocks have multiplied since 2020. Robustness involves maintaining backup capacity, including road and rail routes, maritime and air freight, and combinations of these modes. The successive shocks include the Covid-19 pandemic, Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, 2025 US tariffs, the end of de minimis rules and the closure of the Strait of Hormuz. According to a Standard Chartered survey of 2,100 senior executives across 27 markets, the share of ASEAN executives ranking geo-economic actions among their top three trade concerns is expected to rise from 49% to 57% over the next three to five years.
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