A Boston Consulting Group study commissioned by Ripple estimates that more than 30% of digital assets held outside centralized exchanges fall under institutional custody models. This figure includes enterprise self-custody and wallet-as-a-service arrangements and therefore does not cover the entire crypto market. BCG says banks must combine different custody models according to the services they plan to offer, coordinating governance, integration, and controls across providers. The study models $80 million to $100 million in profit-and-loss upside for a regional bank with $200 billion to $300 billion in assets across five digital asset use cases, but these are illustrative estimates rather than reported earnings. US banking regulators said in July 2025 that crypto safekeeping must comply with existing safety, soundness, and legal requirements.
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