Ukraine struck 12 major Russian oil refineries in August as part of a campaign that recorded at least 21 attacks on Russian refining infrastructure, the highest monthly total since the full-scale invasion began. Russian refining output dropped to approximately 3.8 million barrels per day, a level not seen in more than two decades. The impact on fuel supply has been severe: gasoline production fell nearly 20% and diesel output dropped more than 23% compared to the same period last year. Among the targeted facilities were four of Russia’s ten largest refineries, including those in Kirishi, Nizhny Novgorod, and Volgograd.
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