The Ethereum Foundation has introduced a website for public authorities, international organizations, and NGOs to promote open infrastructure that enables cooperation without surrendering control over policies or personal data. Bhutan’s digital identity system uses a registry on Ethereum to verify credentials held by their owners without publishing them. A prototype for coordinating humanitarian aid combines decentralized identity with confidential payment mechanisms, but it has not yet been broadly deployed. In Europe, member states must propose a voluntary digital identity wallet by the end of 2026 within a common technical framework, without any obligation to use Ethereum. The proposed solution is an architectural option, while effective sovereignty also depends on applications, intermediaries, data protection, and institutions’ ability to switch providers.
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