Aramco prévoit de porter la capacité de son oléoduc Est-Ouest, ou Petroline, de 7 à 10 millions de barils par jour, un chantier qui devrait prendre deux à trois ans. Ce réseau long de quelque 1 200 kilomètres relie le centre d’Abqaiq, près du golfe Persique, au port de Yanbu, sur la mer Rouge. Selon l’Agence internationale de l’énergie, la production pétrolière saoudienne est passée de plus de 10 millions de barils par jour avant la guerre à environ 8 millions en septembre, après être tombée sous 7 millions durant plusieurs mois. Lcipes, les_flows through Hormuz averaged just under 9 million barrels a day in September, roughly 44% of February’s level. Gulf producers are pursuing longer-term workarounds as well: the UAE is fast-tracking a new pipeline of its own. A shift in regional power The Saudi government owns about 81.5% of Aramco. The kingdom’s sovereign wealth fund, the Public Investment Fund, holds 16%, and roughly 2.5% trades publicly. It is the world’s largest oil company and a major natural gas producer, with plans to raise gas output 80% by 2030 from 2021 levels. Yet even Aramco’s scale and an expanded pipeline may not be enough to shift the balance of power in the Middle East. “The irony is that the balance of regional power has tilted from Saudi Arabia towards Iran as a result of the attacks on Iran,” Metcalf says. “This would have been unthinkable just a year ago.”
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