a16z crypto introduced Aerie, a system designed to aggregate thousands of quantum resistant digital signatures into a single cryptographic proof. On an Apple M4 Max laptop, Aerie aggregated 32,768 Falcon signatures in 0.65 seconds, equivalent to more than 50,000 signatures per second, with an average size of approximately 42 bytes per signature. The system would be 29 times faster than Ethereum’s leanVM for consensus signatures and roughly 60 times faster for stateless transactions. Justin Thaler, researcher at a16z, also questioned the compatibility of the hash-based approach with Ethereum’s privacy objectives, arguing that public key encryption cannot be constructed from hash functions alone. Ethereum aims to achieve full quantum resistance across the network by December 2029.
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