Vitalik Buterin, co-founder of Ethereum, warned that advances in artificial intelligence could undermine the cryptography protecting Bitcoin and Ethereum. He cautioned that AI might weaken both ECDSA and lattice-based cryptographic systems, including the ML-DSA standard standardized by NIST in 2024. Buterin advised reducing crypto exposure where practical but strongly discouraged rushing fund migrations to new wallets, arguing that migration errors pose a more immediate risk than any demonstrated cryptographic vulnerability. His warnings followed OpenAI’s publication of new mathematical results generated by an internal frontier model on October 6. Ethereum developers are now gravitating toward hash-based security designs to reduce reliance on mathematical structures potentially vulnerable to AI-assisted cryptanalysis.
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