Vitalik Buterin now describes Ethereum as a cryptographic world computer combining blockchain, cryptographic proofs, and decentralized computation. The network is moving toward a hybrid architecture where traditional blockchain is only one part of a larger system, notably through PeerDAS which allows nodes to verify only data samples. The Hegotá update, expected in the second quarter of 2027, could be the last fork a 2015 Ethereum developer would understand. The Ethereum Foundation targets quantum resistance on layer 1 by the end of 2029. This evolution could transform decentralization from a security cost into a performance advantage.
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