Hundreds of thousands of people have protested across several European countries, with France seeing the largest demonstrations at over 500,000 marchers, expressing anger over the cost of living and pressure on public services. Grievances vary by country but include expensive housing, poor conditions in schools and universities, and surging energy costs. France’s unemployment rate reached 8.3% in the second quarter of 2026, representing 2.7 million people, while energy prices jumped 21.3%. France’s budget deficit is projected at 5.4% of gross domestic product this year, adding to investor concerns. Governments face a shared challenge: how to improve living conditions while maintaining strained public finances.
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