The OCC reviewed nine of the largest national banks, including JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America, Citibank and Wells Fargo, from 2020 through September 2025, analyzing nearly 100,000 complaints and approximately 420,000 pages of bank documents. The examination found that these institutions had implemented restrictive policies toward digital asset businesses, primarily citing anti-money laundering concerns. Comptroller Jonathan Gould stated that many of these restrictions were driven more by reputational considerations than genuine financial risk assessments. Several banks have begun lifting these limitations as part of internal policy reviews, aligned with President Trump’s August 2025 executive order addressing unlawful debanking practices. Banks still retain the right to restrict certain digital asset activities when legitimate financial crime concerns remain present.
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