PeerDAS, the protocol described in EIP-7594 and launched on December 3, 2025 with the Fusaka hard fork, allows validators to confirm data availability without downloading full blocks. Layer 2 fees have dropped by more than 95%, falling from $0.20 to $0.50 per transaction to a range of $0.005 to $0.02 in the first quarter of 2026. Blob capacity increased from 6-9 blobs per block to 14 blobs in five weeks, using an erasure coding mechanism that divides data into 128 columns distributed across gossip subnets. No single node is required to hold the complete dataset, enabling participation with consumer-grade hardware. The full danksharding proposal, of which PeerDAS represents an early phase, could eventually enable thousands of blobs per block.
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