Bitcoin completed its first quantum-resistant transaction on mainnet on August 26, in block 964,199, using the Quantum-Safe Bitcoin (QSB) construction developed by StarkWare researcher Avihu Levy. This method shifts security from elliptic-curve signatures to hash-based mechanisms, allowing some holders to migrate their funds without waiting for a protocol upgrade. Approximately 7 million BTC remain potentially vulnerable because their public keys are already visible, placing them beyond QSB’s protection. The QSB solution remains nonstandard and costly, requiring direct submission through MARA’s Slipstream service at a cost of several hundred dollars. StarkWare and CEO Eli Ben-Sasson state that a protocol-level soft-fork solution is still necessary to protect the entire network.
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