StarkWare has executed on mainnet the first Bitcoin transaction designed to resist quantum attacks, using hash functions that Shor’s algorithm cannot break. This method, called Quantum-Safe Bitcoin (QSB), adds a second quantum-resistant lock without modifying the Bitcoin protocol by leveraging existing Bitcoin Script rules. However, this solution requires funds to be prepared in advance and demands 2 on-chain transactions occupying approximately 11,000 vB, about 80 times the size of a standard SegWit transaction, plus several hundred dollars in GPU computation. This demonstration does not fully protect Bitcoin from quantum attacks as it cannot save funds whose public key is already exposed, and general protection would still require a protocol update.
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