The US Treasury, through OFAC, carried out three rounds of sanctions since May 2026 under its Economic Fury campaign, targeting currency exchange houses, shell companies, and Iranian petroleum vessels. The first round hit three exchange houses (Opal Exchange, Radin Exchange, and Arz Iran Exchange) along with shell companies, while the second round sanctioned Amin Exchange and blocked 19 vessels. The third round, on July 10, targeted financier Ali Ansari and three additional exchange houses that collectively managed over $117 million for sanctioned Iranian banks. These structures facilitated the transfer of Iranian oil revenues by using the yuan as settlement currency and creating layers of separation through shell companies in the UAE, Turkey, Hong Kong, and China.
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