Physical Superintelligence (PSI), a company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, says it proved the Aaronson-Ambainis conjecture in three days after the problem remained open for nearly two decades. The company’s internal research system, combined with a non-public Anthropic model, produced a proof published in a 13-page paper and fully formalized in the mathematical programming language Lean. The formalization spans 9,454 lines and 648 theorems, contains no added axioms or placeholders, and was independently rechecked using multiple kernels. The result rules out exponential quantum advantage over random oracles for decision problems, without affecting structured quantum speedups such as Shor’s algorithm. The company launched in September 2026 with $58 million in seed funding led by Breakthrough Energy Ventures.
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