Ethereum developers have released a proposal called EIP-8394 to protect approximately $104 billion in staked ETH against quantum computer attacks. The current system relies on BLS signatures, which are vulnerable because they are based on elliptic-curve cryptography that a sufficiently powerful quantum computer could theoretically break. The proposal would introduce a migration mechanism progressively disabling BLS-based deposits in favor of quantum-resistant signature schemes like CRYSTALS-Dilithium or SPHINCS+. The estimated Q-Day, when a quantum computer could compromise these cryptographic systems, ranges between 2028 and 2035, with Ethereum targeting post-quantum security milestones by 2029.
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