The Bank of Russia has barred the direct use of non-custodial crypto wallets for investment within the Russian regulatory framework, citing anti-money-laundering measures and the need to maintain control over transactions. The restriction neither confiscates private keys nor generally bans personal custody, as transfers from a Russian custodian to a foreign custodian remain possible, with funds subsequently reaching a non-custodial wallet. These wallets can still be used for international settlements, although other regulatory requirements remain applicable. In parallel, the digital ruble has been rolled out to the largest banks since September 1, 2026, and must also be accepted by corporate clients with annual turnover of more than 120 million rubles, while individuals remain free to open a digital-ruble account.
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