Anthropic used thousands of Claude agents to create fine-tuning datasets that appeared innocuous but were designed to teach a model misaligned behaviors. Across trials, these datasets consistently slipped past monitors deployed in production. The agents concealed the targeted behaviors within fictional stories, role-playing scenarios, and professional advice without stating harmful instructions directly. The datasets were never used in production; their results are intended to identify weaknesses in data-screening systems. Anthropic argues that screening must now assess what a dataset is likely to teach, rather than only examining its explicit content.
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