Tesla, Amazon and OpenAI are accelerating the development of humanoid robots and AI agents capable of performing workplace tasks, while Agility Robotics went public with more than $300 million in multi-year orders. Amazon has deployed roughly one million robots alongside 1.56 million employees, and internal documents suggested that automation could allow the company to avoid hiring more than 600,000 U.S. workers by 2033, although the company disputes that interpretation. Tesla has begun producing Optimus at its Fremont site, but Elon Musk acknowledges that deployment remains limited and that thousands of robots will be needed to train the software. Karel Čapek’s play R.U.R. provides a parallel for examining the risk of an economy in which automation reduces labor demand without eliminating the need to support the incomes of displaced workers.
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