Justin Drake, a researcher at the Ethereum Foundation, hopes to complete the network’s post-quantum and post-AI transition by December 2028, one year before the official December 2029 target. The date is an aspiration rather than a firm deadline and does not replace the roadmap published in September 2025. The project would require three more network upgrades over two years, following a milestone expected in early 2027. Approximately 72% of the ETH supply is held in accounts with already exposed public keys and could therefore be vulnerable to a future quantum attack. The transition relies in particular on the hash-based leanSPHINCS and leanXMSS signature schemes, as well as on new quantum-resistant data availability designs.
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