Solana activated Alpenglow on the mainnet on October 21, at slot 459,653,000, targeting about 150 milliseconds to finality and merging the confirmed and finalized states. The shorter settlement time does not determine overall transaction speed by itself, because custody checks, funding transfers, compliance reviews, signatures and liquidity requirements can take longer. According to the NSCC, multilateral netting reduces the value of equity payment obligations by an average of 98%, within a centrally cleared and risk-managed market structure that is distinct from technical finality. Theoretical capital-reuse models reach 42.7 times with 150-millisecond finality, but fall to 1.1 times if the rest of the process takes 60 seconds; the Bank for International Settlements warns that atomic settlement can increase liquidity needs without liquidity-saving mechanisms.
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