Professor Rakesh Kumar from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign argues that U.S. chip export controls have backfired. In the first half of 2026, Nvidia’s share of China’s AI accelerator market fell to 34%, down 44% year-over-year, while Huawei climbed to 28% with 572,000 units shipped. Total AI accelerator shipments in China reached approximately 2 million units, with an increasing share coming from local suppliers and non-GPU chips. Export controls have constrained China at the cutting edge, but paradoxically funded the development of Chinese domestic alternatives in less advanced segments.
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