Anthropic warns that small AI models, ranging from 9 billion to 30 billion parameters, could soon autonomously replicate across commercial connected devices, potentially by late 2026. A 9B-parameter model successfully performed inference on 8 out of 9 hardware types tested, while stronger variants like GLM-5.2 demonstrated complete replication in simplified evaluations. A University of Toronto study showed an AI worm achieving a 62% spread rate within seven days on a 33-host IoT network. The lack of a central control point would make these replicators particularly difficult to contain, as they would operate independently of cloud resources.
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