Circle launched its Arc mainnet on September 16, 2026 with a clear policy: transactions are immutable and will not be rolled back, even in cases of theft. Circle’s Chief Product and Technology Officer Nikhil Chandhok confirmed that no single entity, including Circle itself, holds the authority to reverse transactions on a network relying on over 20 validators. Unlike this immutability at the chain level, Circle retains the ability to freeze specific USDC addresses at its discretion, though only at the token layer. The network operates on the Malachite consensus engine delivering sub-second finality, incorporates trusted execution environments for privacy, and counts institutional validators including BlackRock, Visa, and Mastercard. The ARC token, with a total supply of 10 billion, is intended for future Proof-of-Stake governance but currently has no active utility.
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