The United States, joined by Britain, France, and Germany, is urging the IAEA Board of Governors to refer Iran to the UN Security Council over its refusal to cooperate with nuclear inspectors. This push follows a June 12, 2025 resolution finding Iran in breach of its non-proliferation commitments, citing unexplained uranium traces at undeclared sites. US and Israeli military strikes against Iranian enrichment facilities, launched in mid-2025 and intensified around February 28, 2026, damaged Iran’s nuclear infrastructure while giving Tehran justification to obstruct inspector access. Before the strikes, the IAEA estimated Iran held approximately 440 kg of uranium enriched to 60 percent, a level no other NPT-signatory country has reached. Russia and China, which hold veto power on the Security Council, are expected to block any binding sanctions, rendering the referral largely symbolic.
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