The European Union and Mexico signed a modernized trade agreement on May 22, 2026, expanding protections for 568 European geographical indications in the Mexican market. Washington strongly opposes this deal, arguing that the new rules threaten American cheese producers’ access to one of their largest export markets. Under USMCA, Mexico had agreed to allow American producers to use 33 cheese names, such as parmesan and gouda, which Europe considers protected designations. Mexican tariffs on many European cheeses drop from 45% to zero. EU agri-food exports to Mexico totaled approximately 2.5 billion euros in 2025.
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