A single Nvidia GB300 rack draws over 180 kilowatts, equivalent to the electricity load of 60 average American homes. US data centers consumed approximately 176 terawatt-hours in 2025, accounting for 4.4% of total national power generation, a figure projected to reach 466 to 580 terawatt-hours by 2030. Goldman Sachs forecasts data center power demand climbing from 31 gigawatts in 2025 to 66 gigawatts in 2027, while utilities can realistically deliver only 93 gigawatts of additional practical power supply. The new bottleneck is no longer chips but physical infrastructure, particularly transformers whose manufacturing lead times have stretched significantly.
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