Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has outlined a potentially major evolution of Ethereum transactions, claiming recent work on account abstraction, state design, and cryptographic proof aggregation enables a clearer separation between what transactions do and what must be proven before execution. The key distinction lies between two components: « actions » (the effects of transactions) and « dependencies » (what must be verified). Buterin argues that dependencies have properties particularly suitable for optimization: many can be checked in parallel, some can be examined by the mempool before transactions reach a block, and some do not require access to Ethereum state at all. Large collections of such checks could eventually be replaced by a single STARK proving they were all performed correctly.
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