Neuroscientist and former teacher Jared Cooney Horvath testified before the U.S. Senate that standardized test scores are declining globally coinciding with the widespread introduction of computers and tablets in classrooms. Generation Z is the first to underperform their parents on standardized assessments, according to Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) data. The United States has spent over $30 billion putting screens in classrooms by 2024, with a notable acceleration after 2014 when digital infrastructure became mandatory for state assessments. Horvath identified a historical « transfer problem »: students master the technological tool but not the subject matter, a phenomenon already observed with B.F. Skinner’s teaching machines in the 1950s. More than half of American teenagers now use AI for their homework, and New York City has announced a one-year moratorium on student-facing AI tools.
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