Xi Jinping arrived in New Delhi on September 12 for his first visit to India since October 2019, coinciding with the 18th BRICS Summit, marking the first bilateral meeting on Indian soil since the deadly Galwan Valley clash in June 2020 that killed soldiers on both sides and froze relations between the world’s two most populous nations. In 2025, bilateral goods trade reached approximately $155 billion, with India running a trade deficit of roughly $112 billion, as China exports high-value manufactured goods, electronics, and industrial inputs while India exports lower-value commodities and raw materials. Both leaders discussed border management along the Line of Actual Control, trade facilitation mechanisms, and the resumption of people-to-people exchanges, including direct flights and pilgrimages, while emphasizing their shared vision of multipolarity and a managed rivalry with guardrails to prevent another Galwan-type confrontation.
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