Elon Musk replied on August 29 to a post from the Institute of Art and Ideas about the work of Oxford physicist Tim Palmer, agreeing that the universe comes in fixed chunks, but without mentioning Bitcoin or its private keys. Palmer’s theory, published in the journal PNAS in March, predicts that quantum machines will hit a wall between 200 and 400 qubits due to the absence of a continuum in nature. Cracking Bitcoin’s signatures with Shor’s algorithm would require approximately 835 logical qubits, down from previous estimates of 1,098 and 1,175. IBM plans a machine with 200 logical qubits by 2029, which would test Palmer’s floor threshold without threatening Bitcoin. BTC was trading around $78,449 after a 1.17% daily gain, and developers are already planning a post-quantum migration.
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