In August 2024, NIST finalized two post-quantum digital signature standards: ML-DSA (FIPS 204, lattice-based) and SLH-DSA (FIPS 205, hash-based). Unlike other sectors that favor ML-DSA, the Bitcoin and Ethereum ecosystems are gravitating toward SLH-DSA due to its exclusive reliance on established hash functions like SHA-256. Ledger plans to deploy firmware supporting both ML-KEM and ML-DSA across its hardware wallets by the end of June 2026. The transition will require users to migrate their funds to new addresses, and Ethereum is exploring optimized Sphincs+ variants to make verification compatible with its virtual machine.
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