Anthropic claims that its Claude Mythos Preview model discovered two unprecedented cryptographic weaknesses: one against HAWK, a post-quantum cryptography candidate awaiting potential NIST standardization, and one against a reduced seven-round version of AES-128. On HAWK-256, the cost of secret key recovery drops from 2^64 to 2^38 operations, representing an attack 67 million times less expensive. Fixing this flaw would require doubling key sizes, eliminating the compactness that makes HAWK attractive for blockchains. No deployed digital signature system is currently compromised, including ECDSA and Schnorr used by Bitcoin, and AES in its full version remains intact.
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