France must massively invest in computing power to compete with the United States and China, with a target of building 12 gigawatts of dedicated capacity by 2029. Its nuclear fleet represents a major strategic advantage, providing abundant, controllable, and low-carbon electricity, with an export margin of approximately 100 TWh per year. The French ecosystem comprises over 700 AI startups, including Mistral AI valued at over 6 billion euros, and 25,000 direct jobs growing 18% annually, supported by 2.5 billion euros injected through the France 2030 plan. Major challenges remain grid connection delays, over 90% dependence on tools hosted by US companies, and public debt approaching 120% of GDP. Experts believe the window for action is three to five years, with three possible scenarios: status quo, decline, or the emergence of new French champions capable of driving the entire ecosystem upward.
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