Hydropower has surpassed natural gas to become the single largest energy source powering the Bitcoin network, according to data from the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance. Low-carbon energy sources now account for 59.4% of Bitcoin mining’s total energy mix, up from 52.4% in April 2025. Annual electricity consumption for Bitcoin mining stands at approximately 190 terawatt-hours, representing a 38% increase over 18 months, while total emissions only rose by 20% during the same period. This sustainability shift reduces regulatory risk, facilitates institutional adoption under ESG mandates, and improves mining economics through more stable hydropower contracts compared to geopolitically volatile natural gas.
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